I upgraded my Contabo VPS and signed up for the double NVME storage extension. Contabo did the upgrade but informed me that the disk is a manual task that I need to perform myself. I spent an hour trying to find the proper way to do that because the docs provided by Contabo are outdated. They also mentioned LVM and I wasn't sure if my VPS was using that or not (turns out that it doesn't). Anyway, here's the detailed blog post that guided me through the process.
Source: https://pocketadmin.tech/en/ubuntu-20-extend-partition/
I'm also going to list all the steps here just in case the link 404s in the future.
Our Ubuntu 20 is installed on Hyper-V. First, letās check the size of the file system by running df -h (all commands are executed as root):
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs 394M 1,4M 392M 1% /run
/dev/sda3 24G 7,4G 16G 33% /
tmpfs 2,0G 0 2,0G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5,0M 0 5,0M 0% /run/lock
tmpfs 4,0M 0 4,0M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2 512M 7,8M 505M 2% /boot/efi
tmpfs 394M 144K 394M 1% /run/user/1000
Our system partition, mounted in /, is 24 GB in size.
Letās see the output fdisk -l:
# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 25 GiB, 26843545600 bytes, 52428800 sectors
Disk model: Virtual Disk
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: F5F02D9D-060D-422F-BA27-1981A6CA23F4
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 2048 4095 2048 1M BIOS boot
/dev/sda2 4096 1054719 1050624 513M EFI System
/dev/sda3 1054720 52426751 51372032 24.5G Linux filesystem
In this example, we have 1 disk /dev/sda with a size of 25 gigabytes, which is divided into 3 logical ones: /dev/sda1, /dev/sda2 and /dev/sda3 with the Linux filesystem type ā we are interested in it.
Increasing disk size
In a virtualization environment, we increase the size of the hard disk of our virtual machine. Most likely, your virtualization system will ask you to turn off the VM first. I increased the disk to 30 gigabytes, start the machine:
#fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 30 GiB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Disk model: Virtual Disk
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: F5F02D9D-060D-422F-BA27-1981A6CA23F4
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 2048 4095 2048 1M BIOS boot
/dev/sda2 4096 1054719 1050624 513M EFI System
/dev/sda3 1054720 52426751 51372032 24.5G Linux filesystem
Ubuntu 20 extend partition
Attention! Before starting work on expanding the system partition, be sure to make a backup copy of your data!
After increasing the size of the disk, you need to increase the system partition itself. Letās execute fdisk /dev/sda, where /dev/sda is the label of our disk (Disk /dev/sda):
# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help):
We enter p to look at the list of partitions:
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 30 GiB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Disk model: Virtual Disk
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: F5F02D9D-060D-422F-BA27-1981A6CA23F4
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 2048 4095 2048 1M BIOS boot
/dev/sda2 4096 1054719 1050624 513M EFI System
/dev/sda3 1054720 52426751 51372032 24.5G Linux filesystem
To expand a partition, you must first delete information about it. To do this, enter d and specify the partition (3 for /dev/sda3):
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-3, default 3): 3
Partition 3 has been deleted.
In this case, only the record about the partition is deleted, the data itself remains on the disk!
Enter n ā creating a new partition
Command (m for help): n
Next, we indicate the number of the partition:
Partition number (3-128, default 3):3
Next, the starting and ending sectors are indicated. Be sure to check that they match the hyphenated values. This way we use all the unallocated space:
First sector (1054720-62914526, default 1054720): 1054720
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (1054720-62914526, default 62914526): 62914526
Created a new partition 3 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 29.5 GiB.
As you can see, a 29.5 gigabyte partition was created with the Linux filesystem type.
It will also ask if we want to delete the current filesystem type. We refuse:
Partition #3 contains a ext4 signature.
Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o: N
It remains only to save the partition table:
Command (m for help): w
Reboot the virtual machine:
# reboot
Now we will use the resize2fs utility (for ext4) to increase the size of the filesystem:
# resize2fs /dev/sda3
resize2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
open: Permission denied while opening /dev/sda3
n0mit@n0mit-vm:~$ sudo resize2fs /dev/sda3
resize2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
Filesystem at /dev/sda3 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 4, new_desc_blocks = 4
The filesystem on /dev/sda3 is now 7732475 (4k) blocks long.
Checking the result:
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs 394M 1.4M 392M 1% /run
/dev/sda3 29G 7.4G 21G 27% /
tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
tmpfs 4.0M 0 4.0M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2 512M 7.8M 505M 2% /boot/efi
tmpfs 394M 84K 394M 1% /run/user/126
tmpfs 394M 72K 394M 1% /run/user/1000
As you can see in Ubuntu 20 extend artition is not such a difficult task.
No need to reboot the server again. If you refresh your Cloudron dashboard and go to SYSTEM INFO, you will see the new disk space!
but what you said makes sense because everything else was working fine except for the Stripe integration form. I assume the logs are gone now but if not, let me know where to find them and I'll post them for you.
