So to be on the same page, if you give read/write permissions to all users HomeAssistant can use the device fine, but not if only root and dialout group have it? Reason I ask is, since HomeAssistant as such runs with the dialout group. Which kind of integration is this? Maybe it spawns other processes which run as different user?
Since I can't reproduce this locally, maybe you can send a mail to support@cloudron.io if you want us to take a direct look at your case to get this fixed.