Mounting volumes for dummies. Anyone care to help?

[odie]

Hopefully I am not too forward when asking for more help. I struggle to find good information online (that is comprehensible to me).

I did what @mehdi suggested, got a second USB LAN adapter, and it seems to be working on my Cloudron box (Ubuntu 20.04 server). I manage to add a temporary IP address and enable the card via the two commands:

sudo ip addr add 192.168.9.101/24 dev enxc4411eb4c476
sudo ip link set dev enxc4411eb4c476 up

But I cannot make this persisent across reboots. I found instructions using netplan to edit the /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml file, but according to the headers of that file, manual edits to this file will be overwritten. The only instructions I manage to find online, are either to edit this file or to use deprecated solutions from 16.04 and before.

If anyone could be of assistance, I would be very grateful.

In short, what I am looking to do:

1. (and most importantly), keep my main network interface (enp3s0) as the default gateway (192.168.8.0/24)
2. setup the USB network card (enxc4411eb4c476) with the permanent IP address 192.168.9.101/24
3. Use the USB network card to access my NAS on the 192.168.9.0/24 network

Any help will be appreciated. Thank you!

[jdaviescoates]

@odie You need to put the mount code in /etc/fstab/ for them to persist.

@staff there should probably be something i the Volume docs about adding to /etc/fstab

[mehdi]

@jdaviescoates It's not the mount that's the problem here, it's the static IP part.

@odie sorry, I'm not sure about Ubuntu 20.04, I never had to configure a static IP on a distro that wasn't using ifconfig

[girish]

@odie I think it means the manual edits to just that file and not to any file in netplan. You should create your own netplan yaml file and drop it in /etc/netplan. The numbering controls the ordering. So, if you create 99-my-custom.yml then this gets applied after the 50-cloud-init. I also found that https://netplan.io/examples/ has a lot of templates.

[odie]

@girish so if I understand you correctly, adding the USB interface (enxc4411eb4c476) in a 99-my-custom.yml will add that to the already properly configured enp3s0 interface?

This is my "production" cloudron, and I don't have a dev/test, so I'd rather not break anything....

Thanks everyone for offering assitance, I really appreciate it. It's really tricky to figure this stuff out on my own! Most examples seem to require a level of understanding that I don't yet have.

[odie]

@odie also (and I feel bad for asking this) - anyone have a suggestion for how to mount a cifs file system with user and password, and make it persistent. Preferably without storing a password in plain text?

I struggle to mount my shares. I get error messages all the time. Preferably, I'd like to make separate mounted volumes on my cloudron to avoid exposing the entire NAS , and to keep things simpler.

E.g: on my NAS, let's say I have several shares, e.g.:

Entertainment
Work

Let's say I wanted to make a "music" volume on Cloudron, my preference would then be to mount the music folder nested under entertainment, e.g. like this:

sudo mount -t cifs 192.168.9.102/Entertainment/music /mnt/music

similarly, I'd like to be able to mount some work articles in a seperate volume:

sudo mount -t cifs 192.168.9.102/Work/Knowledge/Articles /mnt/articles

I've tried a few variants, they all throw up error messages:

sudo mount -t cifs 192.168.9.102/(share)
sudo mount -t cifs //192.168.9.102/(share)
sudo mount -t cifs 192.168.9.102:/(share)

I get error messages like mount: bad usage
Try 'mount --help' for more information.

and

mount: /mnt/music: bad option; for several filesystems (e.g. nfs, cifs) you might need a /sbin/mount.<type> helper program.

Sorry once again for all my beginner questions. I feel bad for having to ask.

[jdaviescoates]

@odie said in Mounting volumes for dummies. Anyone care to help?:

anyone have a suggestion for how to mount a cifs file system with user and password, and make it persistent. Preferably without storing a password in plain text?

Have a look at the instructions from Hetzner here:
https://docs.hetzner.com/robot/storage-box/access/access-samba-cifs

But basically the idea is to store credentials in /etc/backup-credentials.txt (mode 0600) and then reference those in the mount code like this:

//<username>.your-storagebox.de/backup /mnt/backup-server cifs iocharset=utf8,rw,credentials=/etc/backup-credentials.txt,uid=<system account>,gid=<system group>,file_mode=0660,dir_mode=0770 0 0

[girish]

@odie I think the mount usage is not correct. Please check https://askubuntu.com/questions/1086458/bad-usage-on-attempting-to-mount has some notes as well. I think you want something like:

 sudo mount -t cifs //192.168.9.102/Entertainment/music /mnt/music

Also, no need to feel bad for asking I think the final solution will help others as well. Besides, ultimately, it's just a post in a forum. Worst case, it gets not answered.

[odie]

@girish Thanks for helping out. This is quite tricky. I will write what I've done in case other newbies need something to follow, and see where I am stuck.

Here is my status for now. I can successfully mount the network card and the shares in the way I want (e.g. the example above in music, articles etc. when I do it manually. But my fstab and netplan configs just don't work at all.

1. Network card
   First trick was to install cifs-utils

sudo apt-get install cifs-utils

Then, I proceed to mount my USB network card with a static IP. The following two commands set the ip address and put the link state to "up":

sudo ip addr add 192.168.9.101/24 dev enxc4411eb4c476
sudo ip link set dev enxc4411eb4c476 up

However, when trying the Netplan config, nothing works. Currently, my 99-my-custom.yml netplan file looks like this:

network:
    ethernets:
        enxc4411eb4c476:
            addresses: [192.168.9.101/24]
            dhcp4: true
    version: 2

I've tried different variations of spacing in the file, have have included and removed different parts, e:g:

    version: 2
    renderer: networkd

But nothing works. No matter what I try, I always get the following message when I try the config:

sudo netplan try
Warning: Stopping systemd-networkd.service, but it can still be activated by:
  systemd-networkd.socket
Do you want to keep these settings?


Press ENTER before the timeout to accept the new configuration


Changes will revert in 113 seconds
Configuration accepted.

If anyone can help me making this configuration persistent, I'd be very grateful.

2. Mount
   Mount is a similar story. After installing cifs-utils, the volumes mount ok, I've even managed to make my credentials file with mode 600:

The folloing manual mounts work:

sudo mount.cifs //192.168.9.102/Entertainment/music /mnt/music -o uid=yellowtent,gid=yellowtent,credentials=/etc/backup-credentials.txt,iocharset=utf8,x-systemd.automount 0 0

and

sudo mount -t cifs //192.168.9.102/Entertainment/music /mnt/music -o credentials=/etc/backup-credentials.txt,uid=yellowtent,gid=yellowtent

But nothing works when trying to automatically mount using fstab. I've tried many variantions on entries, but nothing sticks. Currently, this is what I have:

//192.168.9.102/Entertainment/music /mnt/music /mnt/music cifs iocharset=utf8,rw,credentials=/etc/backup-credentials.txt,uid=yellowtent,gid=yellowtent,file_mode=0660,dir_mode=0770 0 0

when testing the config, I get no error messages, no output at all. But mounting doesn't work...

sudo mount -a

Any assistance/suggestions are appreciated.

Thanks!

Update 1:
After working with the USB interface in a link up statec(manual like above), I tried editing the 99-my-custom.yml file to show the following:

network:
    ethernets:
        enxc4411eb4c476:
            addresses: [192.168.9.101/24]
            dhcp4: no
    version: 2

Following the advice in the accepted solution in this post: https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/485395/cant-permanently-assign-additional-ip-addresses-to-usb-ethernet-adapter-via-et

I decided to try adding the "generate"-option with netplan and issued the 3 commands:

sudo netplan generate
sudo netplan try
sudo netplan apply

I did a sudo reboot, and two strange things happened. Firstly, the Cloudron took forever to reboot, I was thinking I had messed up everything. It still takes forever to reboot on subsequent reboots, so something has happened (I have messed something up, it seems). And secondly, upon successful reboot, the USB ethernet device is just gone from my system...

I do

sudo ip link show enxc4411eb4c476

and it returns: Device "enxc4411eb4c476" does not exist.

I do:

ip a

and the device name doesn't show up. The same thing happens when I do:

sudo lshw -C network

Any ideas on how I messed up, and what to do to fix it? Thanks!

Update 2:
I unplugged and replugged the USB ethernet dongle, and now it's recognized again by the Linux. I've reverted my netplan (99...)-file to the one in Update 1:

network:
    ethernets:
        enxc4411eb4c476:
            addresses: [192.168.9.101/24]
            dhcp4: no
    version: 2

It still doesn't mount the device on boot, but at least linux finds the device and I am able to mount it manually.

Fun fact... after mounting the device manually, I am able to do a

sudo mount -a

which returns without errors. Further, I am able to list the contents of the mount by doing a

sudo ls /mnt/music

if I list it without root, I get permission denied (probably because of the "yellotent" uid and gid in the mount string in my fstab (see above). Fun fact #2: In my Cloudron web interface, I am able to browse the content of this share if I:

a. unmount the previously mounted volume (/mnt/music)
b. re-add the previously mounted volume (/mnt/music)
c. go to the file browser in the Cloudron GUI and click the "browse" button
d. allow the following Cloudron error in red: "Cloudron error: unable to connect to the file manager server"
e. click browse once more - then the contents of the share is loaded, and I can access the files

So it might look like my fstab code is halfway working, and the problem is that ubuntu 20.04 doesn't automount my usb network card. Hopefully, someone can shed some light on this.

[odie]

@odie Still stuck on this. The culprit is definitely that the usb network card fails to receive its configuration on boot. I cannot get netmanager to configure and initialize it at all. Only the two manual commands seem to work:

sudo ip addr add 192.168.9.101/24 dev enxc4411eb4c476
sudo ip link set dev enxc4411eb4c476 up

I have tried various thing with network manager, and I've tried adding a config file to systemd-networkd under /etc/systemd/network/ - the only thing I achieved, was to have every network freeze when I inserted the usb ethernet adapter (only to unfreeze as soon as I disconnected it). Tried keeping it disconnected for longer, just to see, but connections were frozen until I unplugged the usb network card. So I had to remove these config files.

Can anyone offer suggestions? I don't know where to even look for assistance on this now... Thanks!