I did a test and created a fresh mailbox on my cloudron for one of my existing domains to check the headers when sending an e-mail. Here is the header result:
Authentication-Results: RECEIVERMAILSERVERHOSTNAME (dis=neutral; info=dmarc domain policy);
dmarc=pass (dis=neutral p=reject; aspf=r; adkim=r; pSrc=dns) header.from=IDEA.COM;
dkim=pass header.d=IDEA.COM header.s=cloudron-2f6807 header.b=F+cRmQ1r
Received: from RECEIVERMAILSERVERHOSTNAME ([fd:ac:0:0:0:0:e:13])
by RECEIVERMAILSERVERHOSTNAME
with SMTP (SubEthaSMTP 3.1.7) id M4CRBUTJ
for RECEIPIENT@SOMEWHERE.COM;
Fri, 06 Dec 2024 14:04:18 +0100 (CET)
Received-SPF: Pass (mailfrom) identity=mailfrom; client-ip=IP_OF_CLOUDRON_SERVER; helo=MY.EXAMPLE.COM; envelope-from=SENDER@IDEA.COM; receiver=SOMEWHERE.COM
Received: from MY.EXAMPLE.COM (MY.EXAMPLE.COM [XX.XX.XX.XX])
by RECEIVERMAILSERVERHOSTNAME (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 35F3543CDFB8
for <SOMEONE@SOMEWHERE.COM>; Fri, 6 Dec 2024 14:04:18 +0100 (CET)
Received: (Haraka outbound); Fri, 06 Dec 2024 13:04:17 +0000
Authentication-Results: MY.EXAMPLE.COM;
auth=pass (plain)
From: "test user" <SENER@IDEA.COM>
To: "SOMEONE@SOMEWHERE.COM" <SOMEONE@SOMEWHERE.COM>
Subject: test email
Date: Fri, 06 Dec 2024 13:04:17 +0000
Message-Id: <em10edd919-xxxx-4789-xxxx-db21f7b92ff5@584dbbfc.com>
Reply-To: "test user" <SOMEONE@SOMEWHERE.COM>
User-Agent: mailClient/10.1.4828.0
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple;
d=IDEA.COM; s=cloudron-12345;
h=from:reply-to:subject:date:message-id:to:mime-version;
bh=7Yyzn....*
So at least for the sending server hostname the my.example.com domain will leak.