Cloudron uses iptables on the system to open required ports. Those ports depend on the apps which are installed.
The full script, which configures iptables can be found at https://git.cloudron.io/platform/box/-/blob/master/setup/start/cloudron-firewall.sh?ref_type=heads
For the blocked IPs, we use ipset together with thecloudron_blocklist https://git.cloudron.io/platform/box/-/blob/master/src/scripts/setblocklist.sh?ref_type=heads